PASS 12 Sample Size Procedures

Cluster-Randomized Designs

• Test of Two Means from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design

Conditional Power

• Conditional Power of a One-Sample T-Test
• Conditional Power of a Two-Sample T-Test
• Conditional Power of a Paired T-Test
• Conditional Power of 2×2 Cross-Over Designs
• Conditional Power of Logrank Test
• Conditional Power of One-Proportion Test
• Conditional Power of Two-Proportions Test

Confidence Intervals

• Confidence Interval for a Correlation
• Confidence Interval of a Mean
• Confidence Interval of a Mean with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of the Difference between Two Independent Means
• Confidence Interval of the Difference between Two Independent Means with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of the Difference between Two Paired Means
• Confidence Interval of the Difference between Two Paired Means with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of a Proportion
• Confidence Interval of a Proportion from a Finite Population
• Confidence Interval Comparing Two Proportions
• Confidence Interval of a Regression Slope
• Confidence Interval of a Standard Deviation entering a Standard Deviation
• Confidence Interval of a Standard Deviation entering Relative Error
• Confidence Interval of a Standard Deviation with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of One Variance entering a Variance
• Confidence Interval of One Variance entering Relative Error
• Confidence Interval of One Variance with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of the Ratio of Two Variances entering Variances
• Confidence Interval of the Ratio of Two Variances entering Relative Error

Correlation

• One Correlation
• Two Correlations
• Confidence Interval for One Correlation
• Coefficient (or Cronbach's) Alpha
• Intraclass Correlation
• Kappa Test for Agreement
• Lin's Concordance Correlation

Cross-Over Designs

• Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Conditional Power of 2×2 Cross-Over Designs
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design

Design of Experiments

• Balanced Incomplete Block Designs
• D-Optimal Designs
• Design Generator
• Fractional Factorial Designs
• Latin Square Designs
• Randomization Lists
• Response Surface Designs
• Screening Designs
• Taguchi Designs
• Two-Level Factorial Designs

Equivalence

• Equivalence Test of Two Means using Difference
• Equivalence Test of Two Means using Ratio
• Equivalence Test of Two Means by Simulation
• Equivalence Test for Comparing Paired Means
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence of One Proportion
• Equivalence of Two Proportions
• Equivalence Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence of Correlated Proportions using McNemar?s Test
• Equivalence Test for Comparing Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Equivalence of Hazard Rates assuming an Exponential Model

Group-Sequential Tests

• Group-Sequential Test for Two Means
• Group-Sequential Test for Two Means using Simulation Assuming Normality
• Group-Sequential Test for Two Means using Simulation General Assumptions
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Test for Two Means
• Group-Sequential Test for Two Proportions
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Test for Two Proportions
• Group-Sequential Superiority Test for Two Proportions
• Group-Sequential Logrank Test of Two Survival Curves

Means ? One

• One-Sample T-Test
• One-Sample T-Test using Simulation
• Wilcoxon Test
• Multiple One-Sample T-Tests
• Non-Inferiority Test of One Mean
• Superiority by a Margin Test for One Mean
• Confidence Interval for One Mean
• Confidence Interval of One Mean with Tolerance Probability
• Exponential Mean
• Poisson Mean
• Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Test

Means ? Two Independent

• Two-Sample T-Test Assuming Equal Variances
• Two-Sample T-Test Allowing Unequal Variances
• Two-Sample T-Test using Simulation
• Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test
• Two-Sample Z-Test Assuming Equal Variances
• Two-Sample Z-Test Allowing Unequal Variances
• Confidence Interval of Difference in Two Means
• Confidence Interval of Difference in Two Means with Tolerance Probability
• Equivalence Test of Two Means using Difference
• Equivalence Test of Two Means using Ratio
• Equivalence Test of Two Means by Simulation
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Means Based on their Difference
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Means Based on their Ratio
• Superiority by a Margin Test of the Difference in Two Means
• Superiority by a Margin Test of the Ratio of Two Means
• Test of Two Means from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests
• Group-Sequential Test for Two Means
• Group-Sequential Test for Two Means using Simulation Assuming Normality
• Group-Sequential Test for Two Means using Simulation General Assumptions
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Test for Two Means
• Hotelling's T-Squared
• Multiple Two-Sample T-Tests
• Exponential Means
• Poisson Means
• Ratio of Two Means
• Test Comparing Mean Change Scores from a Two Group, Pre-Post Design
• Time-Averaged Difference of Two Means
• Two Means from a Repeated Measures Design

Means ? Two Correlated or Paired

• Paired T-Test
• Paired T-Test using Simulation
• Wilcoxon Test and Sign Test
• Equivalence Test for Comparing Paired Means
• Non-Inferiority Test Comparing Paired Means
• Superiority by a Margin Test Comparing Paired Means
• Confidence Interval of the Difference between Two Paired Means
• Confidence Interval of the Difference between Two Paired Means with Tolerance Probability
• Multiple Paired T-Tests
• Conditional Power of Paired T-Test

Means ? 2×2 Cross-Over Designs

• Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Conditional Power of 2×2 Cross-Over Designs

Means ? Higher-Order Cross-Over Designs

• Equivalence Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design

Means ? Many (ANOVA)

• One-Way Analysis of Variance
• One-Way Analysis of Variance with Simulation
• Kruskal-Wallis Test
• Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
• Williams Test for the Minimum Effective Dose
• Factorial Analysis of Variance
• MANOVA
• Randomized Block Analysis of Variance
• Repeated Measures Analysis
• Mixed Models
• Multiple Comparisons (Tukey-Kramer, Best, Dunnett)
• Multiple Comparisons (Pair-Wise: Tukey-Kramer, Kruskal-Wallis)
• Multiple Comparisons (Treatments vs Control)
• Multiple Contrasts (Dunn, Bonferroni)

Non-Inferiority

• Non-Inferiority Test of One Mean
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Means Based on their Difference
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Means Based on their Ratio
• Non-Inferiority Test Comparing Paired Means
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Test of Two Means
• Non-Inferiority Test of One Proportion
• Non-Inferiority Tests of Two Proportions
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Test of Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Test of Correlated Proportions using McNemar?s Test
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Logrank Tests

Normality Tests

• Anderson-Darling
• Kolmogorov-Smirnov
• Kurtosis
• Martinez-Iglewicz
• Omnibus
• Range/SD
• Shapiro-Wilk
• Skewness

Proportions ? One

• One Proportion Tests
• Confidence Interval of a Proportion
• Confidence Interval for One Proportion from a Finite Population
• Equivalence Test of One Proportion
• Non-Inferiority Test of One Proportion
• Superiority Test of One Proportion
• Single-Stage Phase II Clinical Trial
• Two-Stage Phase II Clinical Trial (Simon)
• Three-Stage Phase II Clinical Trial
• Post-Marketing Surveillance
• Conditional Power of One-Proportion Test
• Test for One Sensitivity or Specificity

Proportions ? Two Independent

• Tests of Two Proportions
• Fisher?s Exact Test of Two Proportions
• Confidence Interval Comparing Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests of Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Proportions
• Superiority Test of Two Proportions
• Test for Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority Test of Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Group-Sequential Tests for Two Proportions
• Group-Sequential Tests for Two Proportions using Simulation
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Tests of Two Proportions
• Group-Sequential Superiority Tests of Two Proportions
• Cochran/Mantel-Haenzel Test in a Stratified Design
• Repeated Measures Design Test for Two Proportions
• Test for Two Independent Sensitivities
• Time-Averaged Difference of Two Proportions
• Conditional Power of Two-Proportions Tests

Proportions ? Correlated or Paired

• Test of Two Correlated Proportions using McNemar?s Test
• Equivalence Test of Two Correlated Proportions using McNemar?s Test
• Non-Inferiority Test of Correlated Proportions using McNemar?s Test
• Test of Two Correlated Proportions in a Matched Case-Control Design

Proportions ? Sensitivity and Specificity

• Sensitivity and Specificity for One Group
• Sensitivity of Paired Groups
• Sensitivity and Specificity of Two Independent Groups

Proportions - Many

• Chi-Square Contingency Table Test
• Chi-Square Multinomial Test
• Cochran-Armitage Test for Trend in Proportions
• Logistic Regression
• Two Ordered Categorical Variables

Quality Control

• Quality Control Charts of Means
• Quality Control Charts of Variation

Regression

• Confidence Interval of a Slope
• Cox Regression
• Linear Regression
• Logistic Regression
• Multiple Regression
• Poisson Regression
• Probit Analysis

ROC Curves

• Test for One ROC Curve
• Test for Two ROC Curves

Superiority by a Margin Test

• Superiority Test for One Mean
• Superiority Test of the Difference in Two Means
• Superiority by a Margin Test of the Ratio of Two Means
• Superiority Test Comparing Paired Means
• Superiority Test of the Mean Difference from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Difference from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of the Mean Ratio from a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority Test of One Proportion
• Superiority Test of Two Proportions
• Superiority Test for Two Proportions from a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Group-Sequential Superiority Test of Two Proportions
• Superiority Test for Comparing Survival Curve using Cox Regression
• Superiority Test for Comparing Hazard Rates assuming Exponential Data

Survival Analysis

• Logrank Tests
• Logrank Tests using Cox Regression
• Logrank Test assuming Exponential Distribution
• Logrank Test Accounting for Competing Risks
• Group-Sequential Logrank Tests
• Equivalence Test for Comparing Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Equivalence of Hazard Rates assuming an Exponential Model
• Non-Inferiority Logrank Tests
• Non-Inferiority Test for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Distribution
• Non-Inferiority, Logrank Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Superiority Test for Comparing Survival Curve using Cox Regression
• Superiority Test for Comparing Hazard Rates assuming Exponential Data
• Conditional Power of Logrank Tests
• Cox Regression
• Exponential Mean (One)
• Exponential Mean (Two)
• Probit Analysis

Variances

• Test of One Variance
• Test of Two Variances
• Confidence Interval of a Standard Deviation entering a Standard Deviation
• Confidence Interval of a Standard Deviation entering Relative Error
• Confidence Interval of a Standard Deviation with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of One Variance entering a Variance
• Confidence Interval of One Variance entering Relative Error
• Confidence Interval of One Variance with Tolerance Probability
• Confidence Interval of the Ratio of Two Variances entering Variances
• Confidence Interval of the Ratio of Two Variances entering Relative Error
• Quality Control Charts of Variation

Tools

• Chi-Square Effect-Size Estimator
• Multinomial Effect-Size Estimator
• Odds Ratio to Proportions Converter
• Probability Calculator (Various Distributions)
• Standard Deviation Estimator
• Survival Parameter Conversion Tool
• Standard Deviation of Means Calculator
• Data Simulator

What's new in PASS 12?

PASS 12 adds over 15 new power and sample size procedures to PASS, including z tests (3), conditional power (6), repeated measures (2), non-inferiority logrank (2), equivalence logrank (2), Lin's concordance coefficient (1), probit analysis (1), and competing risks (1).

New Features in PASS 12

User-Interface Simplification

New Procedures in PASS 12

• Conditional Power
  • Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Tests
  • Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests
  • Conditional Power of Paired T-Tests
  • Conditional Power of 2×2 Cross-Over Designs
  • Conditional Power of Logrank Tests
  • Conditional Power of One-Proportions Tests
  • Conditional Power of Two-Proportions Tests
  
  
• Z-Test
  • Two-Sample Z-Test Assuming Equal Variances
  • Two-Sample Z-Test Allowing Unequal Variances
  
  
• Survival Analysis
  • Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
  • Non-Inferiority Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
  • Equivalence Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
  • Superiority Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
  • Test for Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
  • Non-Inferiority Test for Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
  • Equivalence Test for Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
  • Superiority Test for Comparing Hazard Rates assuming Exponential Data
  • Logrank Test Accounting for Competing Risks
  
  

• Other
  • Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient
  • Probit Analysis
  • Test for Comparing Mean Change Score in Pre-Post Design
  • Confidence Interval for a Proportion from a Finite Population
  
  
• Revised and Simplified
  • Repeated Measures Analysis
  • MANOVA
  • Two-Sample T-Test Assuming Equal Variances
  • Two-Sample T-Test with Unequal Variances
  • Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test
  
  

Compatibility of PASS 12

PASS 12 is fully compatible with Windows 8, 7, Vista, and XP on both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems.